DIRECT-SENSING SERVICES
Electrical Conductivity,
MIP and FFD The number of direct-sensing technologies available to direct-push units has greatly increased in the last 10 years. S2C2 can now provide direct sensing services to determine chlorinated and non chlorinated VOCs and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon impacts coupled with continuous soil lithology data. Direct-sensing requires competent proven operators and analysts to generate high quality data. The experience and technological know-how gained through thousands of feet of direct-sensing sampling has been extremely valuable in interpreting data. Pattern recognition is a key component to interpreting direct-sensing data. Because of this experience S2C2 has been successful at mapping historic fill/native interfaces, confining units, potential contaminant preferential pathways, and metals contamination at numerous sites throughout the urban Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states. All of S2C2’s direct-push units are capable of pushing the MIP®, FFD or Conductivity probes. Whether it requires a track mounted Geoprobe® 6620DT, a truck mounted Geoprobe® 6600 or 5410, or an ATV Bobcat® with Geoprobe®, S2C2 has the experience and tools to finish the job on-time in a variety of site conditions. Advantages of Direct Sensing • Obtain rapid VOC, Petroleum and lithologic information • Provide “Real-Time” displays of depth, conductivity, and speed • Determine thickness and lateral extent of lithologic units • Limited soil sampling required to confirm log response • No drill cuttings • Construct detailed geologic cross sections • Locate appropriate lateral and vertical placement of wells • Target zones for injection of HRC®,ORC®, etc. • Conductivity readings collected 20/secondfinish the job on-time in a variety of site conditions. DIRECT-SENSING SERVICES Electrical Conductivity, MIP and FFD The number of direct-sensing technologies available to direct-push units has greatly increased in the last 10 years. S2C2 can now provide direct sensing services to determine chlorinated and non chlorinated VOCs and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon impacts coupled with continuous soil lithology data. Direct-sensing requires competent proven operators and analysts to generate high quality data. The experience and technological know-how gained through thousands of feet of direct-sensing sampling has been extremely valuable in interpreting data. Pattern recognition is a key component to interpreting direct-sensing data. Because of this experience S2C2 has been successful at mapping historic fill/native interfaces, confining units, potential contaminant preferential pathways, and metals contamination at numerous sites throughout the urban Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states. All of S2C2’s direct-push units are capable of pushing the MIP®, FFD or Conductivity probes. Whether it requires a track mounted Geoprobe® 6620DT, a truck mounted Geoprobe® 6600 or 5410, or an ATV Bobcat® with Geoprobe®, S2C2 has the experience and tools to finish the job on-time in a variety of site conditions. Advantages of Direct Sensing • Obtain rapid VOC, Petroleum and lithologic information • Provide “Real-Time” displays of depth, conductivity, and speed • Determine thickness and lateral extent of lithologic units • Limited soil sampling required to confirm log response • No drill cuttings • Construct detailed geologic cross sections • Locate appropriate lateral and vertical placement of wells • Target zones for injection of HRC®,ORC®, etc. • Conductivity readings collected 20/secondfinish the job on-time in a variety of site conditions. Direct Force Sensing at the Piconewton Level The measurement of mass can be carried out at the 10-21 (zeptogram) level (see PNU 725) and of force to the 10-18 newton (attonewton) level (Arlett et al., in Nano Letters, 2006). But for many measurements in the cell biology world, this is too much sensitivity. Forces in this realm are typically at the piconewton (10-12 newton) level. Examples include the force applied by the kinesin molecular motor protein to transport vesicles (6 piconewton), the force needed to unzip a DNA molecule at room temperature (9-20 piconewton), or the force needed to pull a DNA apart by pulling on opposite ends (65 piconewton). Biophysicists need a cost-effective force sensor that works reliably in water at the piconewton level. Steven Koch and his colleagues at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M., are well along on delivering the needed sensor. The core of the device is a spring one millimeter long but only a micron thick and is fabricated using a standard polysilicon micromachining process. This spring operates according to the classic experiment conducted by Robert Hooke in the 17th century: the force exerted on the spring equals the amount of the spring’s compression or extension multiplied by a spring constant, which in this case is about 1 piconewton per nanometer. The spring, mounted on a substrate, can be used in a number of ways: it can be entrained to move with the push or pull of a biological sample or it can be made sensitive to magnetic fields and so function as a field sensor. The displacement of the spring is currently viewed by a video camera with precision of 2 nanometer, but faster and more precise methods are possible. Koch (now at the University of New Mexico, skoch@chtm.unm.edu) says that the most likely applications of the new sensor will be in measuring forces on the kind of magnetic microspheres used in single-biomolecule experiments and to calibrate the electromagnets used in deploying microspheres in doing things such as stretch, twist, or unzip DNA. He also envisions direct mechanical force measurements, combined with other MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) implements, in biophysical experiments where optical tweezers (using laser beams to manipulate the microspheres attached to molecules) cannot be used. The Sandia sensor could be adapted to apply an adjustable tension to single DNA molecules in order to study protein binding or enzymatic processes. Koch et al., Applied Physics Letters, 23 October 2006 Contact Steven Koch
or klik link this : http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?n9cuee4am5lwj95
Electrical Conductivity,
MIP and FFD The number of direct-sensing technologies available to direct-push units has greatly increased in the last 10 years. S2C2 can now provide direct sensing services to determine chlorinated and non chlorinated VOCs and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon impacts coupled with continuous soil lithology data. Direct-sensing requires competent proven operators and analysts to generate high quality data. The experience and technological know-how gained through thousands of feet of direct-sensing sampling has been extremely valuable in interpreting data. Pattern recognition is a key component to interpreting direct-sensing data. Because of this experience S2C2 has been successful at mapping historic fill/native interfaces, confining units, potential contaminant preferential pathways, and metals contamination at numerous sites throughout the urban Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states. All of S2C2’s direct-push units are capable of pushing the MIP®, FFD or Conductivity probes. Whether it requires a track mounted Geoprobe® 6620DT, a truck mounted Geoprobe® 6600 or 5410, or an ATV Bobcat® with Geoprobe®, S2C2 has the experience and tools to finish the job on-time in a variety of site conditions. Advantages of Direct Sensing • Obtain rapid VOC, Petroleum and lithologic information • Provide “Real-Time” displays of depth, conductivity, and speed • Determine thickness and lateral extent of lithologic units • Limited soil sampling required to confirm log response • No drill cuttings • Construct detailed geologic cross sections • Locate appropriate lateral and vertical placement of wells • Target zones for injection of HRC®,ORC®, etc. • Conductivity readings collected 20/secondfinish the job on-time in a variety of site conditions. DIRECT-SENSING SERVICES Electrical Conductivity, MIP and FFD The number of direct-sensing technologies available to direct-push units has greatly increased in the last 10 years. S2C2 can now provide direct sensing services to determine chlorinated and non chlorinated VOCs and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon impacts coupled with continuous soil lithology data. Direct-sensing requires competent proven operators and analysts to generate high quality data. The experience and technological know-how gained through thousands of feet of direct-sensing sampling has been extremely valuable in interpreting data. Pattern recognition is a key component to interpreting direct-sensing data. Because of this experience S2C2 has been successful at mapping historic fill/native interfaces, confining units, potential contaminant preferential pathways, and metals contamination at numerous sites throughout the urban Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states. All of S2C2’s direct-push units are capable of pushing the MIP®, FFD or Conductivity probes. Whether it requires a track mounted Geoprobe® 6620DT, a truck mounted Geoprobe® 6600 or 5410, or an ATV Bobcat® with Geoprobe®, S2C2 has the experience and tools to finish the job on-time in a variety of site conditions. Advantages of Direct Sensing • Obtain rapid VOC, Petroleum and lithologic information • Provide “Real-Time” displays of depth, conductivity, and speed • Determine thickness and lateral extent of lithologic units • Limited soil sampling required to confirm log response • No drill cuttings • Construct detailed geologic cross sections • Locate appropriate lateral and vertical placement of wells • Target zones for injection of HRC®,ORC®, etc. • Conductivity readings collected 20/secondfinish the job on-time in a variety of site conditions. Direct Force Sensing at the Piconewton Level The measurement of mass can be carried out at the 10-21 (zeptogram) level (see PNU 725) and of force to the 10-18 newton (attonewton) level (Arlett et al., in Nano Letters, 2006). But for many measurements in the cell biology world, this is too much sensitivity. Forces in this realm are typically at the piconewton (10-12 newton) level. Examples include the force applied by the kinesin molecular motor protein to transport vesicles (6 piconewton), the force needed to unzip a DNA molecule at room temperature (9-20 piconewton), or the force needed to pull a DNA apart by pulling on opposite ends (65 piconewton). Biophysicists need a cost-effective force sensor that works reliably in water at the piconewton level. Steven Koch and his colleagues at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M., are well along on delivering the needed sensor. The core of the device is a spring one millimeter long but only a micron thick and is fabricated using a standard polysilicon micromachining process. This spring operates according to the classic experiment conducted by Robert Hooke in the 17th century: the force exerted on the spring equals the amount of the spring’s compression or extension multiplied by a spring constant, which in this case is about 1 piconewton per nanometer. The spring, mounted on a substrate, can be used in a number of ways: it can be entrained to move with the push or pull of a biological sample or it can be made sensitive to magnetic fields and so function as a field sensor. The displacement of the spring is currently viewed by a video camera with precision of 2 nanometer, but faster and more precise methods are possible. Koch (now at the University of New Mexico, skoch@chtm.unm.edu) says that the most likely applications of the new sensor will be in measuring forces on the kind of magnetic microspheres used in single-biomolecule experiments and to calibrate the electromagnets used in deploying microspheres in doing things such as stretch, twist, or unzip DNA. He also envisions direct mechanical force measurements, combined with other MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) implements, in biophysical experiments where optical tweezers (using laser beams to manipulate the microspheres attached to molecules) cannot be used. The Sandia sensor could be adapted to apply an adjustable tension to single DNA molecules in order to study protein binding or enzymatic processes. Koch et al., Applied Physics Letters, 23 October 2006 Contact Steven Koch
or klik link this : http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?n9cuee4am5lwj95
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar